A REVIEW OF POULTRY DEVELOPMENT MODALITY IN BHUTAN

Abstract

Poultry farming in Bhutan has undergone notable evolution, transitioning from traditional backyard systems to more commercially oriented ventures. Through an extensive review of academic literature, government reports, and grey literature sources, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the historical evolution, current trends, challenges, and prospects of poultry development modalities in Bhutan. With reliance on agriculture for livelihoods, poultry farming in Bhutan emerges as a substantial contributor to the country's economy and food security. The transition from traditional backyard systems to more commercially oriented ventures reflects a shift toward modernization and economic diversification. These include subsistence, semi-commercial, and commercial models, each with its unique characteristics and implications for rural livelihoods and food production. Key findings highlight a steady increase in the poultry population, particularly in commercial farming, supported by government initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship and investment in the sector. However, the poultry sector faces several challenges, including disease outbreaks, high feed prices, uneven market accessibility, and limited technical knowledge of poultry husbandry among farmers. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach, including improved bio-security measures, promoting local production of feed raw materials, strengthening market linkages, and implementing training programs for farmers and extension agents. Despite these challenges, the poultry sector in Bhutan demonstrates significant potential for sustainable growth and development. Recommendations for future action include prioritizing research and innovation to improve disease resistance, production efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Moreover, there is a need for technology integration and market diversification to ensure long-term viability. In conclusion, the poultry sector in Bhutan is positioned to play a crucial role in enhancing food security, promoting economic growth, and fostering community development. However, leveraging this potential requires coordinated actions among government stakeholders, the private sector, and development partners to address existing challenges and capitalize on emerging opportunities.